This work was sponsored by the University of Richmond, School of Arts & Sciences, Department of Math and Computer Science.

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction: What’s Right with U.S. Health Care? ................................................................. 6 Grand Junction: Communication and Collaboration ............................................................. 11 Geisinger Health System: Innovation and Integration............................................................ 23 Mayo Clinic: “The Needs of the Patient Come First” .............................................................

The current study examined whether the presentation of gender-affirming literature, in the form of information about the University of Richmond‟s Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (WGSS) program, mitigated female stereotype threat in the domain of mathematics. A pilot study tested 10 male and 10 female college-aged participants to determine whether a derogatory beer commercial produced the threat effect in women; results were inconclusive.

Revenge is the natural human response to interpersonal transgressions. However, given the benefits of forgiveness, it is important to consider how forgiveness can be facilitated. Many factors have been shown to be associated with forgiveness, ranging from situational factors (e.g., perception of the transgression) to dispositional factors (e.g., personality traits). This study aims to extend research on the factors that are associated with forgiveness, and determine the processes on which forgiveness relies.

The process of spicule formation in L. virgulata results in a drop in pH, which, if left unregulated, could lead to demineralization and subsequent animal death. Carbonic anhydrase has been suggested as a possible pH regulatory mechanism in L. virgulata tissues. This study focuses on an additional hypothetical mechanism of pH regulation involving the production of urease by endosymbiotic bacteria living within L. virgulata tissue. PCR and DGGE are used as culture-independent methods to characterize facets of microbial community structure on L.

Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs present in lower vertebrates that propel lymph throughout the body and into the venous system, assisting in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis. In organisms such as frogs, several pairs of lymph hearts develop amidst the somites during the early tadpole stages. Due to the unique structure and function of lymph heart musculature—exhibiting characteristics of both skeletal and cardiac muscle—the origin of these cells remains highly controversial.

INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: “I WAS ALWAYS A UNION MAN”: AFRICAN-AMERICAN LOYALTY AND COMMUNITY IN HISTORIOGRAPHY 9 CHAPTER 2: “I NEVER DID ANYTHING TO HELP THE REBELS”: NETWORKS OF RESISTANCE 22 CHAPTER 3: “MY FAMILY WERE ALL FOR THE UNION”: LOYALTY AND KINSHIP 33 CHAPTER 4: “MOST ALL OF THE COLORED MEN WERE LOYAL”: NETWORKS IN BLACK AND WHITE 49 EPILOGUE 70 APPENDIX 1: NETWORKS 76 FIGURE 1. CHARLES CITY COUNTY FIGURE 2. HENRICO COUNTY FIGURE 3. NANSEMOND COUNTY FIGURE 4. NEW KENT COUNTY APPENDIX 2: TABLE 1 80 BIBLIOGRAPHY 81

This work was sponsored by the University of Richmond, School of Arts & Sciences, Department of English.

This work was sponsored by the University of Richmond, School of Arts & Sciences, Department of English.

This work was sponsored by the University of Richmond, School of Arts & Sciences, Department of Chemistry.